The experimental interventions included any types of local or traditional diet without timing usage, dosage, or preparation method restriction. Studies on individuals with organ disease, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipoproteinemia, diabetes, cardiocerebrovascular disease, smoking, or drug treatment and other similar cases were excluded. The RCTs that evaluated diet affecting blood viscosity in apparently healthy individuals were considered. A systematic review study on randomized controlled trials was carried out to assess the association between diet and blood viscosity. Based on recent findings, plant–based foods and avoiding animal–based foods can decrease coronary artery diseases ( 11).
The relationship between some nutritional–related diseases such as hypertriglyceridemia, hypoalbuminemic disorders, and diabetes mellitus, and blood and plasma viscosity has been demonstrated in several studies ( 6, 10). The effect of diet on human health has been indicated in many clinical and population–based studies, which provide evidence that a health dietary pattern can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disorders, cancers, diabetes, and several other chronic diseases ( 8, 9). Diet as a complex variable, is often used with multiple approaches to examine its association with the risk of disease ( 7). Plasma exchange, phlebotomy, and rheopheresis are applied directly, whereas in indirect method, we regulate erythrocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells etc., that may have an effect on blood viscosity, ( 1, 2). Two therapeutic procedures are available for decreasing blood viscosity: direct and indirect. Moreover, abnormal blood viscosity is closely related to the pathogenesis, development, and prognosis of several life-threatening diseases including chronic cerebral infarction, transient ischemic attack, diabetes mellitus, haemorrhagic shock, renal disease, and risk factors for stroke ( 5, 6). Blood viscosity rising, may increase morbidity/mortality of cardiovascular patients ( 3, 4).
Blood viscosity is mainly determined by haematocrit, plasma viscosity, the deformability and aggregation of red blood cells (RBCs), and shear rate ( 1, 2). The developed physiometer is potentially applicable for a comprehensive analysis of biophysical indices in whole blood.Blood viscosity (BV) is an important blood property, and plays a key role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. By using this system, the temperature is controlled to 36.9 ± 0.2 ☌ which greatly matches with the target temperature (37.0 ☌) and it is varied from 25 ☌ to 43 ☌.
IMAGEFAP GALLERY MATURE CAROL SOFTWARE
Lab-made software enables the measurement of the three target indices and the temperature control in an automated manner. For simultaneous and reliable measurement on a chip, a physiometer equipped with a temperature-control system is prepared. The effects of the hematocrit and RBC deformability on the whole blood viscosity are also demonstrated. In the deformability measurement, there is a strong linear correlation ( R 2 = 0.97) between the deformation index acquired by image processing and the change in the membrane capacitance acquired by using the physiometer. For the hematocrit measurement, the coefficient of variation for the physiometer ranges from 0.3 to 1.2% which is lower than the one obtained from centrifugation. The whole blood viscosity measured using the physiometer is 0.8 ± 1.4% in normalized difference compared to that using a rotational cone-and-plate viscometer. Each unique function is experimentally demonstrated and compared to the corresponding gold standard method. The hematocrit is estimated from R cytoplsm and R plasma, while the RBC deformation index is determined from the membrane capacitance change of the RBC. In the electronic component, analysis of the whole blood impedance spectrum under flowing conditions reveals the electrical characteristics of the blood: the cytoplasm resistance ( R cytoplsm), plasma resistance ( R plasma), and RBC membrane capacitance (constant phase element).
IMAGEFAP GALLERY MATURE CAROL SERIES
At a given flow rate, ten sets of whole blood viscosity readings are successfully obtained over a wide range of shear rates this is achieved via a series of geometrically optimized microchannel arrays. In the hydrodynamic component, the whole blood is infused with phosphate buffered saline as a reference fluid for estimation of the whole blood viscosity. The physiometer consists of two major parts: a hydrodynamic component for whole blood viscosity measurement and an electronic component for hematocrit and RBC deformability measurement. In this study, a microfluidic-based physiometer capable of measuring whole blood viscosity, hematocrit, and red blood cell (RBC) deformability on a chip is introduced.
0 kommentar(er)
